香港專題 Hong Kong （持續更新）
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香港這座城市，成也資本主義，敗也資本主義：從一開始，這座城市便和資本主義殖民體系脫不開關係。亞細亞孤兒城的故事大致可以分做三個階段：早期的轉口港，工業化時期，金融中心時期。
正值「香港回歸二十五週年」之際，香港商會指，「現今資本主義、私有產權制度、自由市場經濟基本上沒怎改變，1997 年後落實得頗好」，這可謂一語道破了「一國兩制」的精粹與中國的意識形態矛盾，並為香港解殖此一歷史難題打下了死結。香港被殖民的一百五十二年歷史，並非單純是西方現代化的產物，又或是民族主義下的主權論述；世界上鮮有一個地方如這座小島般，自從被捲進世界資本主義市場後，成為了各種帝國與民族主義的競合場。璀燦繁榮的城市夜景裹藏著的，是一個被共謀勢力致力隱去的問題——為何香港的殖民地地位從沒有在一個自稱解放受壓迫階級與民族的革命中被終止，而成為英國謀求延命、中國謀求崛起、美國謀求霸權的據點。於是，維持現狀（status quo）成為了一種統合社會的共識，這種共識糢糊了壓迫與特權的界線——「五十年不變」展現的願望，到底是一種美好的八十年代中產夢，還是一種為延續剝削性的金融制度的虛假意識？
轉口港時期的香港是日不落帝國的殖民地商業城市，和其他殖民商業城市類似，經濟上為殖民宗主的利益服務，政治上殖民者與本地買辦商人緊密合作，組成統治聯盟，扮演著純粹的掠奪中國財富的角色。戰前的香港社會矛盾激烈，來自大陸的華工與殖民政府在省港大罷工中爆發激烈的對抗，香港買辦資產階級卻更進一步站在了打擊罷工的殖民政府一方。自此之後，香港買辦商人便和殖民體制鎖緊在了一起，成為羅永生所說的「勾結式殖民結構」的一部分，也為本地資產階級延續到今天的懦弱和保守埋下了伏線：香港的資產階級從來不敢提出自己的政治綱領。
工業城市時期的香港藉由湧入的資金和勞工實現了資本累積和工業化，成功躋身亞洲四小龍。當時在香港的國際資本來自兩批不同的政治勢力，一是以英美為首的資本，其時處於戰後世界資本主義的繁榮週期，香港也分享到了這一時代紅利：歐美產業升級，將部分淘汰掉的勞動密集型產業轉移到包括香港在內的四小龍。二是因為內戰和對中共的恐懼，江浙等資本選擇香港作為避險地。內戰也帶來的不只是資本，也帶來了難民勞工。作為東西方冷戰的前線，香港因特殊歷史機遇成功乘勢而起，完成了工業化和現代化。這時是香港的黃金時期，但階級矛盾仍然尖銳，延續了第一時期的社會結構，英國對香港不徹底的改革表面上緩和了矛盾，實際上加劇了後來的撕裂。改革開放後，資本很快轉移到市場更為廣闊，勞工更為便宜的中國大陸，香港失去了工業資本，只留下了金融資本，為之後的泡沫經濟埋下了伏線。
進入了金融中心時期，香港從第二產業的經濟結構轉型到第三產業，地產成為了香港最重要的GDP來源。隨著資本主義進入衰退性長波，新自由主義改革開始，又遇到大陸改革開放，香港也隨著西方國家一起改革。在這個過程中，英殖民者和本地資產階級緊密合作，同時中國民族資產階級進入香港市場，在「勾結式殖民結構」中分一杯羹，本地產業轉移至中國。世界經濟通過新自由主義改革，從產業資本轉向金融資本為主，香港的金融資產階級也同樣地藉此大肆擴張，吸取本地和大陸工業財富。香港資本不再從事生產，表面上成為了金融中心，實際上則是產業空心化，為後來的單一產業埋下了伏線：金融，地產，醫療，律師以外的行業都被視作次等行業。香港又重新扮演回第一時期的純粹掠奪者角色，隨著資本主義的衰退，香港似乎也不可避免的進入衰敗的歷史進程之中。
香港究竟是成為時代的悲歌、還是進步歷史精神的具體呈現？這歸根究底還是取決於我們自身，我們的選擇並不多：或是參與到這個自我解放的過程之中，或是在時代巨輪的轉動下接受壓迫者的安排。
在作出決策之前，我們在「五十年代不變承諾」進行到一半的時間點上反思香港的歷史、政治經濟、性別及其他社會問題，新左學社「香港專題」的一系列文章希望打破「維持現狀」的滯後意識，在反對各方面剝削與壓迫的歷史實踐及未來想像中重新發掘香港的主體性我們提出問題，並希望尋求「香港往何處去」以及「香港是什麼」的這一問題。
《七月香港專題》正正是為此而設。
是為序。
二零二二年七月一日
中大新左學社
Hong Kong was inseparable from the capitalist colonial system from the very beginning. The story of the Asian Orphan(亞細亞的孤兒) City can be roughly divided into three stages: the early entrepot period, the industrialization period, the financial centre period.
Entrepot Period
Hong Kong is a colonial commercial city of the sun never sets an empire during this period. Similar to other colonial commercial cities of the empire, it served the interests of the colonial sovereign economically and politically. The colonists worked closely with local comprador merchants to form a ruling alliance. Social conflicts were fierce in pre-war Hong Kong. The Chinese workers from the mainland and the colonial government broke out fierce confrontation in the provincial and Hong Kong strikes. During the confrontation, the Hong Kong comprador bourgeoisie stood on the side of the colonial government and formed a staunch coalition to fight against the strike. Since then, the comprador merchants intersected with the colonial system, they have become the core part of the “Collaborative Colonial Power Structure” suggested by Law Wing Sang. This also paved the way for the cowardice and conservativeness of the local bourgeoisie today. They dare not put forward their own political agenda and developed an “opportunism” mentality in the name of " pragmatism".
Industrialisation Period
During this period, Hong Kong has achieved capital accumulation and industrialization with the influx of capital and labour. As a result, Hong Kong successfully ranked among the four dragons in Asia. The international capital in Hong Kong came from two different political forces at that time. One was capital from the United Kingdom and the United States. Hong Kong also shared the dividends of the post-war world capitalism boom. Industrial upgrading in Europe and the United States led to the transfer of the eliminated labour-intensive industries to the Four Little Dragons, including Hong Kong. Also, due to the civil war and the fear of the CCP, the capitals of Jiangsu and Zhejiang chose Hong Kong as a safe haven. The civil war also brought not only capital but also refugee labour. As the front line of the Cold War between the East and the West, Hong Kong succeeded in taking advantage of the special historical opportunity and completed industrialization and modernization. After the reform and opening-up policy of China, capital quickly moved to China because of the huge market and cheaper labour. Hong Kong lost its industrial capital and became financial capital, leaving a volt line for the bubble economy that followed.
Financial Centre Period
Entering the 1980s, Hong Kong has transitioned from the economic structure of the secondary industry to the tertiary industry, and real estate has become Hong Kong’s most important source of GDP. Capitalism has entered a long wave of recession, neoliberal reforms have begun, and the mainland has encountered reforms and opening up, and Hong Kong has also reformed along with Western countries. In this process, the British colonists worked closely with local assets. At the same time, the Chinese bureaucratic bourgeoisie entered the Hong Kong market to take a share of the "Collaborative Colonial Power Structure" and local industries were transferred to China. In the era of neoliberalism reform, the industrial capital shifted to financial capital, and Hong Kong’s bourgeoisie also used this to expand aggressively and absorb local and mainland industrial wealth. Hong Kong economic structure, and capital, is a façade of the financial centre but actually does not involve the process of production. The industry has hollowed out, paving the way for homogeneity industrial structure later: finance, real estate, medical care, and industries other than lawyers are all regarded as inferior industries.With the collapse of capitalism, Hong Kong seems to inevitably enter the historical process of decline.
Elegy of the times or Zeitgeist qasida? Either accept the arrangement of the powerful under the turning of the great wheel of the times ,or start seeking a way out? It all depends on what are we doing now.
But in any case, to know "where is Hong Kong heading", one must first answer "what is Hong Kong".
The "Hong Kong" column is precisely for this purpose —— "know thyself" (nosce te ipsum).
July 1, 2022
New Left Society, CUHK
政治經濟學香港史
「火紅年代」是指1969至1982的一段時間。這段時間香港土生土長一代熱心投身於學生和青年運動，種種左傾激進市場雄踞大學生和青年活躍份子思想。他們富創造力與反叛精神的社會想象。身處帝國夾縫之中，與不同勢力的角力。從中文運動到反加價、反貪污運動，高舉不同旗幟的青年在政治叢林中遊走——社會派、國粹派、毛派、托派、無政府主義者，他們對「香港、中國、世界往何處去」都有不一看法。
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